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Diseases & Topics

PANS/PANDAS

Pediatric Acute-onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome or PANS for short is a term used to describe the larger class of acute-onset Obsessive Compulsive Disease (OCD) cases. This term includes all cases of acute onset OCD. PANDAS is an abbreviation for Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections. The term is used to describe a subset of children and adolescents who have acute onset OCD and/or tic disorders often classified as PANS, and in whom symptoms worsen or appear following Strep. infections such as "Strep throat" and Scarlet Fever. Although the mechanism behind these disorders is unclear, researchers are investigating whether PANDAS is an autoimmune disorder triggered by Group A Strep infection.

Who gets PANDAS?

PANDAS is most common in children younger than 13 years who have been infected with Group A Strep.

How is PANDAS spread?

PANDAS is thought to be the result of an individual’s immune system response to Group A Strep infection. PANDAS is not spread from one person to another.

What are the symptoms of PANDAS?

The symptoms of PANDAS include obsessive thoughts, compulsive behaviors and motor or vocal tics. These symptoms can be accompanied by a variety of other neuropsychiatric symptoms such as separation anxiety, moodiness/irritability, and anxiety attacks.

How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?

Children who develop PANDAS usually have a sudden onset of symptoms. The symptoms usually become more intense within 24–48 hours after the onset of their Group A Strep infection.

How is PANDAS diagnosed?

PANDAS is diagnosed by a healthcare provider after evaluating the patient. Although laboratory testing cannot identify PANDAS, it might identify a Group A Strep infection, which precedes PANDAS.

What is the treatment for PANDAS?

If a Group A Strep infection is identified, antibiotics might be prescribed to kill the bacteria. Other treatment might be provided based on the patient’s clinical condition, including cognitive behavioral therapy or anti-obsessional medications.

How can PANDAS be prevented?

The likelihood of PANDAS is reduced by limiting the spread of Group A Strep. The spread of Group A Strep can be reduced by following these tips:

  • Perform Hand hygiene often with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer providing friction for 15-20 seconds, and help young children do the same. Wash your hands especially after coughing and sneezing, before and after caring for an ill person and before preparing foods and eating.
  • Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue or shirt sleeve (not your hands) when you cough or sneeze and then throw the tissue in the trash.
  • Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands.
  • Avoid close contact (such as kissing, hugging, sharing cups, or sharing eating utensils) with people who are sick, and when you are sick.
  • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces, such as toys and doorknobs, especially if someone is sick.
  • Persons with Group A Strep infections should stay home from work, school, or daycare until they have taken antibiotics for at least 24 hours.

A vaccine for Group A Strep is not available.

How can I get more information about PANDAS?

 

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